arch:dapps_challenges

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arch:dapps_challenges [2021/12/19 20:49] – created aazubarevarch:dapps_challenges [2026/08/29 07:59] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 Decentralized apps have the following advantages: Decentralized apps have the following advantages:
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   * No censorship – the user can’t be blocked from using dapp (submitting transactions). One of possible applications ¬ decentralized social media platform, where no single participant can delete or edit the message already sent.   * No censorship – the user can’t be blocked from using dapp (submitting transactions). One of possible applications ¬ decentralized social media platform, where no single participant can delete or edit the message already sent.
   * Privacy – most of dapps do not require the user to share his real-world identity.   * Privacy – most of dapps do not require the user to share his real-world identity.
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 As for the disadvantages, they are: As for the disadvantages, they are:
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   * Low scalability – all current blockchain systems suffer from throughput bottlenecks [9] – they have low capability of dealing with a large amount of concurrent traffic. As an example, game CryptoKitties, after becoming rather popular, resulted in 30000 pending transactions on Ethereum.   * Low scalability – all current blockchain systems suffer from throughput bottlenecks [9] – they have low capability of dealing with a large amount of concurrent traffic. As an example, game CryptoKitties, after becoming rather popular, resulted in 30000 pending transactions on Ethereum.
   * High latency – due to the nature of the blockchain, transaction confirmation time is rather large. Even though Ethereum has reached transaction confirmation time of around 15 seconds (Bitcoin user has to wait around 10 minutes for the confirmation), it is not really comparable with the latency of typical centralized apps and users may get frustrated when using dapps.   * High latency – due to the nature of the blockchain, transaction confirmation time is rather large. Even though Ethereum has reached transaction confirmation time of around 15 seconds (Bitcoin user has to wait around 10 minutes for the confirmation), it is not really comparable with the latency of typical centralized apps and users may get frustrated when using dapps.
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 After studying the notion of decentralized apps and their advantages and disadvantages, the following architectural challenges were identified: After studying the notion of decentralized apps and their advantages and disadvantages, the following architectural challenges were identified:
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   * Thorough testing should be done (as updates are undesirable due to the nature of blockchain) and that, in turn, requires well-thought architecture and complex/intricate codebase can significantly slow the process of testing and evaluating the correctness of the dapp in various scenarios.   * Thorough testing should be done (as updates are undesirable due to the nature of blockchain) and that, in turn, requires well-thought architecture and complex/intricate codebase can significantly slow the process of testing and evaluating the correctness of the dapp in various scenarios.
   * Possible choice to sacrifice the decentralization – many developers decide to partially use centralized services like AWS or Azure for the sake of robustness and usability. While it is partly beneficial for the end-user, the whole ideology of decentralization is compromised. Moreover, those centralized services create a possible point of failure.   * Possible choice to sacrifice the decentralization – many developers decide to partially use centralized services like AWS or Azure for the sake of robustness and usability. While it is partly beneficial for the end-user, the whole ideology of decentralization is compromised. Moreover, those centralized services create a possible point of failure.
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   - S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system,” 2008.   - S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system,” 2008.
   - Z. Zheng, S. Xie, H.-N. Dai, X. Chen, and H. Wang, “Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey,” International Journal of Web and Grid Services, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 352–375, 2018.   - Z. Zheng, S. Xie, H.-N. Dai, X. Chen, and H. Wang, “Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey,” International Journal of Web and Grid Services, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 352–375, 2018.
-  - BitTorrent. URL: https://www.bittorrent.com/ +  - BitTorrent. URL: [[https://www.bittorrent.com/|https://www.bittorrent.com/]] 
-  - BitMessage. URL: https://bitmessage.org/+  - BitMessage. URL: [[https://bitmessage.org/|https://bitmessage.org/]]
   - Buterin, Vitalik. “A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform.” (2015).   - Buterin, Vitalik. “A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform.” (2015).
-  - 2020 Q2 Dapp Market Report by Dapp.com. URL: https://www.dapp.com/article/q2-2020-dapp-market-report+  - 2020 Q2 Dapp Market Report by Dapp.com. URL: [[https://www.dapp.com/article/q2-2020-dapp-market-report|https://www.dapp.com/article/q2-2020-dapp-market-report]]
   - Cai, Wei & Wang, Zehua & Ernst, Jason & Hong, Zhen & Feng, Chen. (2018). Decentralized Applications: The Blockchain-Empowered Software System. IEEE Access. 6. 53019-53033. 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2870644.   - Cai, Wei & Wang, Zehua & Ernst, Jason & Hong, Zhen & Feng, Chen. (2018). Decentralized Applications: The Blockchain-Empowered Software System. IEEE Access. 6. 53019-53033. 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2870644.
   - Wu, Kaidong & Ma, Yun & Huang, Gang & Liu, Xuanzhe. (2019). A first look at blockchain‐based decentralized applications. Software: Practice and Experience. 51. 10.1002/spe.2751.   - Wu, Kaidong & Ma, Yun & Huang, Gang & Liu, Xuanzhe. (2019). A first look at blockchain‐based decentralized applications. Software: Practice and Experience. 51. 10.1002/spe.2751.
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